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ADFS expect an specific NameIDFotmat on the AuthNRequest sent by the Service Provider but is receiving a different value.
In the setting panel of the SAML Magento extension, at the advanced settings you will find the NameIdFormat value used, change it and use the same format that the ADFS (maybe transient?).
At this documentation you can learn more about ADFS:
https://blog.auth360.net/2012/09/02/adfs-as-an-identity-provider-and-saml-2-0-saas-application-integration/
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/ea5efcff-4221-4af1-b434-4be5245cb0fa/nameid-policy-could-not-be-satisfied?forum=Geneva